The field of violence prevention routinely debates the relative merits of different programme models. Approaches gain or lose currency based on the results of studies that evaluate whether they ‘work’ to reduce violence. But model approaches are only as good as their implementation. Research and experience have consistently shown that high-quality implementation matters for programme impact. Even well-designed interventions can fail or even cause harm if not well implemented.

What makes for high-quality implementation? A wide range of factors, including adequate time and resources, organisational capacity, a strong programme model, the right balance between fidelity to the hypothesised mechanisms of change and adaptation to the specific context, well-trained and supported staff, monitoring (including for unexpected outcomes), and the ability to course-correct as needed.

But programme implementers often face intense pressures on time, budget, and reach. These pressures can lead to implementation gaps or failures, and ultimately, to less effective programming.

On this page, you’ll find useful general resources on programme implementation. Check out more specific design, implementation, and evaluation resources here.