Collecting monitoring or evaluation data, as well as the programming itself, can introduce a risk of harm for participants and staff. For example, if confidentiality is not maintained, women who disclose violence may be at risk of ‘backlash’ violence from perpetrators. Women who have experienced violence may feel distress or be retraumatised when being questioned about violence. Conducting research with children or with vulnerable adults (such as women living with disabilities) also introduces additional risks and requires specific plans and protocols.