Practice-based knowledge is the cumulative knowledge and learning acquired by practitioners through years of innovation, reflection, and refinement. It includes insights gained from observations, conversations, direct experience, and programme monitoring. Practice-based knowledge is an important source of learning, but it is not always captured, used, or valued by the field. Documenting, analysing, synthesising, sharing, and applying practice-based knowledge requires creating opportunities for practitioners and stakeholders to jointly observe and reflect on the programme’s intended and unintended consequences, as well as analyse and synthesise data through participatory dialogue with multiple stakeholders inside and outside of the organisation. It also involves developing practical steps to apply learning in programmes themselves.